Here is a detailed description of Python versions, including some lesser-known facts and features
*Python 3.0 (2008)*
- Major release with significant changes, including a new way of handling integers (integers are now 64-bit) and a redesigned standard library.
- Introduced the `range` function, which replaced the `xrange` function.
- Removed support for old-style classes.
*Python 3.1 (2009)*
- Added support for Unicode 5.1, including new Unicode characters and improved support for Asian languages.
- Introduced the `io` module, which provides a new way of handling input/output operations.
- Improved performance and memory management.
*Python 3.2 (2011)*
- Introduced the `concurrent.futures` module, which provides a high-level interface for parallel processing.
- Added support for the `__pycache__` directory, which stores compiled bytecode files.
- Improved support for Asian languages and Unicode.
*Python 3.3 (2012)*
- Introduced the `venv` module, which provides a new way of managing virtual environments.
- Added support for the `u` prefix for Unicode literals.
- Improved support for Asian languages and Unicode.
*Python 3.4 (2014)*
- Introduced the `asyncio` module, which provides a new way of handling asynchronous programming.
- Added support for the `yield from` syntax.
- Improved performance and memory management.
*Python 3.5 (2015)*
- Introduced type hints, which allow developers to add type information to their code.
- Added support for the `@` operator for matrix multiplication.
- Improved support for asynchronous programming.
*Python 3.6 (2016)*
- Introduced f-strings, which provide a new way of formatting strings.
- Added support for the `secrets` module, which provides a new way of generating cryptographically secure random numbers.
- Improved performance and memory management.
*Python 3.7 (2018)*
- Introduced data classes, which provide a new way of defining classes.
- Added support for the `contextvars` module, which provides a new way of managing context variables.
- Improved support for asynchronous programming.
*Python 3.8 (2019)*
- Introduced positional-only arguments, which allow developers to define functions with positional-only parameters.
- Added support for the `ast` module, which provides a new way of parsing and analyzing Python code.
- Improved performance and memory management.
*Python 3.9 (2020)*
- Introduced the `zoneinfo` module, which provides a new way of handling time zones.
- Added support for the `graphlib` module, which provides a new way of working with graphs.
- Improved support for asynchronous programming.
*Python 3.10 (2021)*
- Introduced structural pattern matching, which provides a new way of matching patterns in Python code.
- Added support for the `zip` module, which provides a new way of working with zip files.
- Improved performance and memory management.
*Python 3.11 (2022)*
- Introduced improved error messages, which provide more information about errors and exceptions.
- Added support for the `tomllib` module, which provides a new way of working with TOML files.
- Improved support for asynchronous programming.
*Python 3.12 (2023)*
- Introduced better error handling, which provides more information about errors and exceptions.
- Added support for the `nan` module, which provides a new way of working with NaN (Not a Number) values.
- Improved performance and memory management.
Note that this list is not exhaustive, and each version of Python has many more features, improvements, and changes.
